Income: -
Income per club: -
Income per player: -
Second League Division B Gruppe 1 (-2023)
Russia
League level:
Third Tier
- Number of teams: 12 teams
- Players: 276
- Foreigners: 4 Players 1.4%
- ø-Market value: €12k
- ø-Age: 22.5
- Most valuable player: Ruslan Khagur €200k
Transfers 23/24
This statistic list all transfers of a competition in the current season. Clubs are in descending order by their final place last year. The left side lists added players, the right side lists player that left the club. Pomoted teams are listed at the end. Additionally, the statistic lists the transfer balance of the entire competition and each single club.
Transfer record
Departures: 293
Arrivals: 292
Transfer expenses: -
Expenditures per club: -
Expenditures per player: -
Expenditures per club: -
Expenditures per player: -
Total balance
Total balance: -
Balance per club: -
Balance per player: -
Balance per club: -
Balance per player: -
Mashuk-KMV Pyatigorsk
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €175k | Chaika Pes. | free transfer | |||
21 | Left-Back | LB | €100k | Energia V. Luki | free transfer | |||
26 | Left Winger | LW | €125k | Dinamo Makhach. | free transfer | |||
25 | Centre-Forward | CF | €125k | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
27 | Right Winger | RW | - | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Torpedo 2 | free transfer | |||
25 | Right-Back | RB | €200k | Chernomorets N. | free transfer | |||
24 | Central Midfield | CM | €175k | BK Maxline | free transfer | |||
21 | Right-Back | RB | €150k | Astrakhan | free transfer | |||
25 | Right Winger | RW | €100k | Rotor Volgograd | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | €75k | Volgar | free transfer | |||
25 | Goalkeeper | GK | €150k | Volgar | free transfer | |||
23 | Right-Back | RB | €150k | Dinamo Makhach. | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | €175k | Forte Taganrog | free transfer | |||
28 | Left Midfield | LM | €200k | Forte Taganrog | free transfer | |||
23 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €150k | FC Tver | free transfer | |||
21 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €100k | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Back | CB | €125k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Master-Saturn | free transfer | |||
26 | Goalkeeper | GK | €200k | Biolog | free transfer | |||
24 | Central Midfield | CM | €150k | Biolog | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | €50k | Zenit Penza | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €125k | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
25 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €150k | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
19 | Right-Back | RB | - | Strogino II | free transfer | |||
19 | Right Midfield | RM | €25k | Spartak Nalchik | free transfer | |||
32 | Centre-Back | CB | €75k | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | €100k | FK Rostov 2 | loan transfer | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | €100k | FK Sochi II | loan transfer | |||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Rostov II | loan transfer |
Average age of arrivals: 23.4
Total market value of arrivals: €3.58m
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
26 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Rubin Yalta | free transfer | |||
22 | Right Winger | RW | - | Rubin Yalta | free transfer | |||
28 | Left Winger | LW | - | Rubin Yalta | free transfer | |||
30 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | FK Sevastopol | free transfer | |||
16 | Left Winger | LW | - | KamAZ | free transfer | |||
26 | Left-Back | LB | - | Ocean Kerch | free transfer | |||
19 | Goalkeeper | GK | €10k | Urartu II | free transfer | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | - | Peresvet | free transfer | |||
24 | Right-Back | RB | - | Spartak Nalchik | free transfer | |||
28 | Left Midfield | LM | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
21 | Left-Back | LB | €100k | Novosibirsk | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Orel | free transfer | |||
20 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Biolog | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Ocean Kerch | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Krasnoe Znamya | free transfer | |||
21 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | SKA Rostov | free transfer | |||
28 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Rubin Yalta | free transfer | |||
26 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Left Winger | LW | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Left Winger | LW | €100k | Without Club | - | |||
25 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €125k | Without Club | - | |||
31 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
25 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
25 | Central Midfield | CM | €125k | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
31 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
17 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Zvezda S-Pb | loan transfer | |||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Rostov II | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
Average age of departures: 23.6
Total market value of departures: €460k
Income: 0
Druzhba Maikop
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
23 | Right-Back | RB | €125k | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Saturn | free transfer | |||
23 | Goalkeeper | GK | €150k | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
23 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
22 | Left-Back | LB | €125k | Chaika Pes. | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | SKA Rostov | free transfer | |||
24 | Left Winger | LW | - | Novosibirsk | free transfer | |||
26 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €175k | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
18 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | CSKA Moscow II | free transfer | |||
18 | Left-Back | LB | - | KS Samara II | free transfer | |||
26 | Centre-Forward | CF | €125k | Spartak Tambov | free transfer | |||
23 | Left-Back | LB | €25k | Dinamo Makhach. | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | DYuSSh Alania | - | |||
29 | Second Striker | SS | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Left Winger | LW | - | FK Tyumen-2 | loan transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Akhmat Grozny | loan transfer |
Average age of arrivals: 22.7
Total market value of arrivals: €75k
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
27 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | FK Baranovichi | free transfer | |||
23 | Right-Back | RB | - | DinSPb | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €150k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
23 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Spartak Nalchik | free transfer | |||
25 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
25 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €125k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
31 | Goalkeeper | GK | €75k | Biolog | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Saturn | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
21 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €175k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
24 | Right-Back | RB | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
21 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
33 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
29 | Second Striker | SS | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
27 | Left Winger | LW | €100k | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
25 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
27 | Right Winger | RW | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Left-Back | LB | - | Chaika Pes. | End of loan Jun 30, 2023 |
|||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | €75k | Akhmat Grozny | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
|||
21 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Baltika-BFU | End of loan Jun 30, 2023 |
Average age of departures: 24.3
Total market value of departures: €700k
Income: 0
FK Astrakhan
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Saturn | free transfer | |||
19 | Right-Back | RB | - | Zenit II | free transfer | |||
32 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Kyzyltash | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Veles Moscow | free transfer | |||
24 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Znamya Truda | free transfer | |||
27 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Dinamo Barnaul | free transfer | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | - | Dinamo Vlad. | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Torpedo Vlad. | free transfer | |||
19 | Central Midfield | CM | €75k | DinSPb | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Enisey 2 | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Arsenal-2 Tula | free transfer | |||
21 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Kosmos Dolgopr. | free transfer | |||
22 | Left-Back | LB | €150k | SKA Khabarovsk | free transfer | |||
23 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Energia V. Luki | free transfer | |||
32 | Left Midfield | LM | €25k | Volgar | free transfer | |||
27 | Right-Back | RB | - | Arsenal-2 Tula | free transfer | |||
22 | Central Midfield | CM | €100k | Volgar | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Volgar II | free transfer | |||
23 | Right Winger | RW | - | Dinamo Kirov | free transfer | |||
22 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €50k | Khimki 2 | free transfer | |||
31 | Left Winger | LW | €225k | M. Lipetsk | free transfer | |||
23 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €150k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
34 | Central Midfield | CM | €75k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
19 | Left-Back | LB | €75k | Saturn | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | €125k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
22 | Right-Back | RB | €125k | Mrkonjic | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Back | CB | €50k | Dinamo Barnaul | free transfer | |||
24 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €125k | Kolomna | free transfer | |||
24 | Goalkeeper | GK | €150k | Amkar Perm | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | €200k | Kosmos Dolgopr. | free transfer | |||
18 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Khimki II | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | €50k | Krasnodar 2 | free transfer | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Biolog | free transfer | |||
21 | Right-Back | RB | €175k | Krasnodar 2 | free transfer | |||
22 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €75k | Saturn | free transfer | |||
17 | Right-Back | RB | - | Akademia Rotor | free transfer | |||
32 | Left-Back | LB | €100k | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Central Midfield | CM | - | AF Volgar | - | |||
30 | Right-Back | RB | - | Career break | - | |||
23 | Goalkeeper | GK | €50k | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | €200k | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Goalkeeper | GK | €50k | Volgar | loan transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Volgar II | loan transfer | |||
21 | Central Midfield | CM | €150k | Volgar | loan transfer |
Average age of arrivals: 23.1
Total market value of arrivals: €325k
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32 | Left Winger | LW | - | Nosta | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Lada Togliatti | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Legion | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Rubin Yalta | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | €125k | Naftan | free transfer | |||
21 | Right-Back | RB | €150k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
30 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | SKA Rostov | free transfer | |||
20 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
32 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
35 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Retired | - | |||
22 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
25 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Goalkeeper | GK | €50k | Volgar | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
|||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Volgar II | End of loan Jan 25, 2024 |
Average age of departures: 24.0
Total market value of departures: €325k
Income: 0
Legion Makhachkala
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Right Winger | RW | €10k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
24 | Left Winger | LW | €100k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
25 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Sakhalin | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Astrakhan | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Nosta | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Alania-2 V. | free transfer | |||
20 | Right Winger | RW | - | Salyut Belgorod | free transfer | |||
18 | Left Midfield | LM | - | UOR Dagestan | free transfer | |||
20 | Right Winger | RW | - | Kimmeri | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | D-2 Makhachkala | free transfer | |||
18 | Right Midfield | RM | - | UOR Dagestan | free transfer | |||
25 | Goalkeeper | GK | €150k | Dinamo Vlad. | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Uralan | free transfer | |||
29 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
30 | Centre-Back | CB | €150k | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Central Midfield | CM | €50k | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Unknown | - | |||
18 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - |
Average age of arrivals: 21.7
Total market value of arrivals: -
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
23 | Central Midfield | CM | - | P. Khasavyurt | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Angusht Nazran | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | - | FK Khujand | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | P. Khasavyurt | free transfer | |||
18 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Right Winger | RW | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
17 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Left Midfield | LM | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
28 | Left Winger | LW | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
43 | Striker | Striker | - | Retired | - | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Dinamo Makhach. | End of loan Jun 30, 2023 |
Average age of departures: 21.5
Total market value of departures: -
Income: 0
Kuban Holding Pavlovskaya
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Academia Kuban | free transfer | |||
18 | Right Winger | RW | - | Academia Kuban | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | €75k | Dinamo Vlad. | free transfer | |||
26 | Left Winger | LW | €150k | Abdysh-Ata Kant | free transfer | |||
23 | Right-Back | RB | €75k | Veles Moscow | free transfer | |||
18 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | KS Samara II | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Baltika-BFU | free transfer | |||
21 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Spartak Tambov | free transfer | |||
18 | Right Winger | RW | - | Krasnodar II | free transfer | |||
19 | Right-Back | RB | - | Krasnodar II | free transfer | |||
18 | Central Midfield | CM | - | KS Samara II | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Academia Kuban | free transfer | |||
20 | Left Winger | LW | €25k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
34 | Centre-Back | CB | €50k | Dinamo-Vologda | free transfer | |||
22 | Right Midfield | RM | €125k | Nosta | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €200k | Spartak Nalchik | free transfer | |||
27 | Right Winger | RW | €75k | Spartak Nalchik | free transfer | |||
19 | Left-Back | LB | - | Academia Kuban | free transfer | |||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Academia Kuban | free transfer | |||
21 | Right Winger | RW | €150k | Enisey 2 | free transfer | |||
18 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Academia Kuban | free transfer | |||
19 | Right Winger | RW | €75k | Academia Kuban | free transfer | |||
18 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Kuban Holding-2 | - | |||
17 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Academia Kuban | - | |||
18 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Academia Kuban | - | |||
19 | Left Midfield | LM | - | Kuban Holding-2 | - | |||
23 | Left-Back | LB | €100k | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Kuban Holding-2 | - | |||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Academia Kuban | - | |||
23 | Left Winger | LW | €175k | Dinamo Makhach. | loan transfer | |||
18 | Right Winger | RW | - | Spartak Tambov | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
|||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Spartak Tambov | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
Average age of arrivals: 20.4
Total market value of arrivals: €100k
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
23 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | P. Khasavyurt | free transfer | |||
21 | Right Winger | RW | - | FC Tver | free transfer | |||
27 | Right Winger | RW | €100k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
23 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
24 | Left-Back | LB | - | Torpedo Vlad. | free transfer | |||
25 | Centre-Back | CB | €150k | Khimik Dzer. | free transfer | |||
26 | Left Winger | LW | - | FK Khujand | free transfer | |||
28 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Pioner Leningr. | free transfer | |||
25 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
35 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Dinamo-Vologda | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Dinamo Kirov | free transfer | |||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Biolog | free transfer | |||
37 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
21 | Left Midfield | LM | - | Forte Taganrog | free transfer | |||
22 | Central Midfield | CM | €100k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
23 | Right Winger | RW | €150k | Energia V. Luki | free transfer | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | €100k | Forte Taganrog | free transfer | |||
21 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €150k | Amkar Perm | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | €200k | Amkar Perm | free transfer | |||
23 | Left-Back | LB | €175k | Amkar Perm | free transfer | |||
18 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Pari NN II | free transfer | |||
26 | Right Winger | RW | - | Spartak Tambov | free transfer | |||
22 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €100k | Without Club | - | |||
27 | Centre-Back | CB | €125k | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Left Winger | LW | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Spartak Tambov | loan transfer | |||
18 | Right Winger | RW | - | Spartak Tambov | loan transfer | |||
23 | Left Winger | LW | - | Dinamo Makhach. | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
Average age of departures: 23.4
Total market value of departures: €1.35m
Income: 0
SKA Rostov-na-Donu
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Unknown | free transfer | |||
26 | Left-Back | LB | €150k | M. Lipetsk | free transfer | |||
22 | Right-Back | RB | €75k | Sakhalin | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | €75k | Saturn | free transfer | |||
30 | Centre-Forward | CF | €100k | Astrakhan | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €175k | Biolog | free transfer | |||
22 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | FK Essentuki | free transfer | |||
31 | Central Midfield | CM | - | 2DROTS | free transfer | |||
21 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Sakhalinets M. | free transfer | |||
31 | Goalkeeper | GK | €250k | Chernomorets N. | free transfer | |||
25 | Centre-Forward | CF | €200k | Sakhalinets M. | free transfer | |||
22 | Right Midfield | RM | €175k | Sakhalinets M. | free transfer | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | €50k | Forte Taganrog | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Forward | CF | €50k | Khimik Dzer. | free transfer | |||
25 | Right-Back | RB | - | Spartak G. | free transfer | |||
21 | Goalkeeper | GK | €50k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
25 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Sakhalinets M. | free transfer | |||
23 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €200k | Sakhalinets M. | free transfer | |||
34 | Centre-Back | CB | €150k | Enisey | free transfer | |||
25 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Medialiga | - | |||
31 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Medialiga | - | |||
38 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
29 | Left-Back | LB | - | Career break | - | |||
17 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | SKA Rostov U19 | - | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Rostov II | loan transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Chaika Pes. | loan transfer |
Average age of arrivals: 24.7
Total market value of arrivals: €200k
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Biolog | free transfer | |||
34 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Enisey | free transfer | |||
25 | Right Winger | RW | - | FK Sevastopol | free transfer | |||
21 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Sokol Kazan | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Volna Kovernino | free transfer | |||
30 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Sokol Kazan | free transfer | |||
26 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Uralets-TS | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | €300k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
24 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Amkar Perm | free transfer | |||
24 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Rubin Yalta | free transfer | |||
22 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Kosmos Dolgopr. | free transfer | |||
30 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Dordoi Bishkek | free transfer | |||
28 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Sakhalin | free transfer | |||
23 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €150k | West Armenia | free transfer | |||
25 | Right-Back | RB | - | Salyut Belgorod | free transfer | |||
23 | Left Winger | LW | - | Khimik-August | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Right Winger | RW | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Right Winger | RW | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
35 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Chaika Pes. | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
|||
20 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Rostov II | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
|||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Chaika Pes. | End of loan Jun 30, 2023 |
Average age of departures: 23.4
Total market value of departures: €750k
Income: 0
Spartak Nalchik
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Khimki II | free transfer | |||
24 | Right-Back | RB | €100k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
20 | Left Midfield | LM | - | Dinamo S-Pb U19 | free transfer | |||
29 | Left Winger | LW | - | Alania-2 V. | free transfer | |||
23 | Central Midfield | CM | - | SAS Nevinnomysk | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | €25k | Zenit 2 S-Pb | free transfer | |||
23 | Right Midfield | RM | €50k | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
21 | Left-Back | LB | €50k | Alania-2 V. | free transfer | |||
22 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Aluston-YBK | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | €50k | Akhmat II | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Career break | - | |||
19 | Defender | Defender | - | DYuSSh Spartak | - | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | DYuSSh Spartak | - | |||
20 | Striker | Striker | - | DYuSSh Spartak | - | |||
23 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | DYuSSh Spartak | - |
Average age of arrivals: 21.4
Total market value of arrivals: -
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Angusht Nazran | free transfer | |||
28 | Right-Back | RB | - | West Armenia | free transfer | |||
19 | Right Winger | RW | - | Strogino Moscow | free transfer | |||
27 | Goalkeeper | GK | €100k | FK Aksu | free transfer | |||
19 | Right Midfield | RM | €100k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | €50k | Forte Taganrog | free transfer | |||
27 | Right Winger | RW | €100k | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Retired | - |
Average age of departures: 22.8
Total market value of departures: €350k
Income: 0
Dinamo Stavropol
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29 | Right-Back | RB | €125k | West Armenia | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | €50k | Zenit Penza | free transfer | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | - | EA Stavropol | free transfer | |||
17 | Right Winger | RW | - | Ak.Cherta U16 | free transfer | |||
19 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Loko Moscow II | free transfer | |||
29 | Right-Back | RB | €200k | Dinamo Vlad. | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | €125k | Biolog | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Pari NN II | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Baltika-BFU | free transfer | |||
28 | Left Midfield | LM | €150k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
25 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
29 | Goalkeeper | GK | €100k | M. Lipetsk | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Sakhalinets M. | free transfer | |||
21 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Biolog | free transfer | |||
37 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Alania-2 V. | free transfer | |||
26 | Right Winger | RW | €250k | KamAZ | free transfer | |||
25 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Back | CB | - | EA Stavropol | free transfer | |||
24 | Right-Back | RB | - | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
23 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Rubin Yalta | free transfer | |||
19 | Left Winger | LW | - | Alania-2 V. | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | EA Stavropol | free transfer | |||
16 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | UOR Stavropol | - | |||
15 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | UOR Stavropol | - | |||
19 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
27 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | €75k | Alania-2 V. | loan transfer |
Average age of arrivals: 22.7
Total market value of arrivals: -
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Nart Cherkessk | free transfer | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | - | Baltika-BFU | free transfer | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Biolog | free transfer | |||
21 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Baltika-BFU | free transfer | |||
19 | Right Winger | RW | €100k | Fakel Voronezh | free transfer | |||
21 | Central Midfield | CM | €100k | Chernomorets N. | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
23 | Right-Back | RB | - | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
26 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | - | P. Khasavyurt | free transfer | |||
25 | Centre-Forward | CF | €150k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
20 | Left Winger | LW | - | SAS Nevinnomysk | free transfer | |||
16 | Centre-Back | CB | - | DYuSSh Strogino | free transfer | |||
25 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Aluston-YBK | free transfer | |||
24 | Right-Back | RB | - | Aluston-YBK | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | FC Tver | free transfer | |||
19 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
27 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Medialiga | - | |||
29 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
27 | Right Winger | RW | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Right Winger | RW | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
27 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
16 | Defender | Defender | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
33 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
25 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Alania-2 V. | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
|||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | €100k | Rostov II | End of loan Jun 30, 2023 |
Average age of departures: 21.9
Total market value of departures: €550k
Income: 0
Biolog-Novokubansk Progress
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | P. Khasavyurt | free transfer | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | €75k | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
19 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
22 | Right-Back | RB | - | Enisey 2 | free transfer | |||
23 | Right-Back | RB | €100k | Torpedo Miass | free transfer | |||
22 | Left Winger | LW | - | West Armenia | free transfer | |||
21 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | SKA Rostov | free transfer | |||
19 | Right Winger | RW | - | Fakel II | free transfer | |||
24 | Left Winger | LW | €150k | Dinamo Makhach. | free transfer | |||
26 | Left Winger | LW | €200k | S. Kostroma | free transfer | |||
20 | Right Midfield | RM | €75k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
28 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €125k | Forte Taganrog | free transfer | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | - | Volgar II | free transfer | |||
21 | Right Winger | RW | €50k | Krasnodar 2 | free transfer | |||
20 | Left-Back | LB | €25k | Electron | free transfer | |||
26 | Central Midfield | CM | €200k | Sakhalin | free transfer | |||
20 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €50k | Baltika-BFU | free transfer | |||
31 | Goalkeeper | GK | €50k | Druzhba Maikop | free transfer | |||
28 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €200k | Saturn | free transfer | |||
21 | Right Midfield | RM | €100k | FK Sochi II | free transfer | |||
21 | Left-Back | LB | €125k | Sakhalin | free transfer | |||
18 | Right-Back | RB | - | Unknown | free transfer | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | €50k | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Left Midfield | LM | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | €100k | Rostov II | loan transfer |
Average age of arrivals: 22.2
Total market value of arrivals: €300k
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
24 | Right-Back | RB | - | Ocean Kerch | free transfer | |||
20 | Left-Back | LB | - | FK Sevastopol | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Forward | CF | €125k | Volga Uljanovsk | free transfer | |||
32 | Goalkeeper | GK | €75k | Torpedo Miass | free transfer | |||
22 | Left-Back | LB | - | Volna Kovernino | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Forte Taganrog | free transfer | |||
24 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Sakhalinets M. | free transfer | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | SKA Rostov | free transfer | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Astrakhan | free transfer | |||
24 | Central Midfield | CM | €125k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
26 | Goalkeeper | GK | €175k | Mashuk-KMV | free transfer | |||
24 | Attacking Midfield | AM | €150k | FK Kaluga | free transfer | |||
26 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
25 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Left-Back | LB | €150k | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Left Midfield | LM | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | €25k | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Right Winger | RW | €100k | FK Kaluga | loan transfer | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | €100k | Rostov II | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
Average age of departures: 23.1
Total market value of departures: €1.03m
Income: 0
Alania-2 Vladikavkaz
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28 | Left Winger | LW | €125k | Without Club | free transfer | |||
17 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Ak.Konoplev U17 | free transfer | |||
19 | Left-Back | LB | €50k | Khimki 2 | free transfer | |||
32 | Goalkeeper | GK | €25k | Alania Vl. | - | |||
16 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | DYuSSh Alania | - | |||
17 | Right Winger | RW | - | DYuSSh Alania | - | |||
35 | Central Midfield | CM | €25k | Alania Vl. | - | |||
36 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €25k | Alania Vl. | - | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Din. Stavropol | End of loan Dec 31, 2023 |
Average age of arrivals: 24.6
Total market value of arrivals: -
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Left Winger | LW | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
29 | Left Winger | LW | - | Spartak Nalchik | free transfer | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Legion | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | B. Vladikavkaz | free transfer | |||
21 | Left-Back | LB | - | Spartak Nalchik | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Right Winger | RW | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
17 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Central Midfield | CM | €100k | Dordoi Bishkek | loan transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Din. Stavropol | loan transfer |
Average age of departures: 20.3
Total market value of departures: €100k
Income: 0
Dinamo-2 Makhachkala
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Dinamo Makhach. | - | |||
20 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Dinamo Ma U19 | - | |||
18 | Left Winger | LW | - | Dinamo Ma U19 | - | |||
22 | Right-Back | RB | €25k | Dinamo Makhach. | - | |||
17 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
18 | Right Winger | RW | - | AF Volgar | - | |||
17 | Midfielder | Midfielder | - | Dinamo Ma U19 | - | |||
17 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Dinamo Ma U19 | - |
Average age of arrivals: 18.5
Total market value of arrivals: -
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | P. Khasavyurt | free transfer | |||
19 | Right Winger | RW | - | Volgar II | free transfer | |||
18 | Midfielder | Midfielder | - | Without Club | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Legion | free transfer | |||
17 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Zorkiy | free transfer | |||
19 | Left Winger | LW | - | Ufa | loan transfer |
Average age of departures: 18.7
Total market value of departures: -
Income: 0
Pobeda Khasavyurt
In | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Left | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | D-2 Makhachkala | free transfer | |||
21 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Znamya Truda | free transfer | |||
20 | Right Midfield | RM | - | FC Tver | free transfer | |||
21 | Right-Back | RB | - | Peresvet | free transfer | |||
21 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Peresvet | free transfer | |||
20 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Strogino II | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Dzerzhinsk | free transfer | |||
23 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Legion | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Krasnoe Znamya | free transfer | |||
18 | Defender | Defender | - | Unknown | free transfer | |||
19 | Right Winger | RW | - | Volgar II | free transfer | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Kuban Holding | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | €100k | Din. Stavropol | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Back | CB | €25k | Krasnoe Znamya | free transfer | |||
23 | Right-Back | RB | €25k | Dinamo Makhach. | free transfer | |||
20 | Right-Back | RB | €25k | Balashikha | free transfer | |||
19 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Amkal Moskau | free transfer | |||
25 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | free transfer | |||
26 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Unknown | free transfer | |||
29 | Left Winger | LW | €75k | Without Club | free transfer | |||
24 | Centre-Forward | CF | €75k | Legion | free transfer | |||
22 | Defensive Midfield | DM | €100k | FC Tver | free transfer | |||
20 | Right Winger | RW | - | Unknown | free transfer | |||
22 | Centre-Back | CB | - | UOR Dagestan | free transfer | |||
21 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Unknown | free transfer | |||
17 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Unknown | - | |||
16 | Midfielder | Midfielder | - | Unknown | - | |||
16 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Unknown | - | |||
25 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Goalkeeper | GK | €75k | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Unknown | - | |||
24 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
26 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - |
Average age of arrivals: 21.4
Total market value of arrivals: €25k
Expenditure: 0
Out | Age | Nat. | Position | Pos | Market value | Joined | Fee | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24 | Right-Back | RB | - | Angusht Nazran | free transfer | |||
23 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Orel | free transfer | |||
20 | Centre-Forward | CF | €25k | Biolog | free transfer | |||
22 | Right Midfield | RM | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
22 | Defensive Midfield | DM | - | Without Club | - | |||
17 | Midfielder | Midfielder | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Midfielder | Midfielder | - | Without Club | - | |||
20 | Right Winger | RW | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Attacking Midfield | AM | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
32 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
19 | Centre-Forward | CF | - | Without Club | - | |||
21 | Right-Back | RB | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
23 | Centre-Back | CB | - | Without Club | - | |||
29 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
34 | Goalkeeper | GK | - | Without Club | - | |||
25 | Central Midfield | CM | - | Without Club | - | |||
24 | Left-Back | LB | - | Without Club | - |
Average age of departures: 23.4
Total market value of departures: €25k
Income: 0
Transfer record
Departures: 293
Income: -
Income per club: -
Income per player: -
Income per club: -
Income per player: -
Arrivals: 292
Transfer expenses: -
Expenditures per club: -
Expenditures per player: -
Expenditures per club: -
Expenditures per player: -
Total balance
Total balance: -
Balance per club: -
Balance per player: -
Balance per club: -
Balance per player: -